Dr.Dilshad Ahmad Mhia-Alddin

Monday, October 5, 2026

The fast growth of generative, interactive, and autonomous AI systems is creating new challenges for civil liability laws. Administrative rules and statutory oversight set basic market standards, but private law remains the primary means of providing corrective justice, managing risks, and offering compensation. This study examines how 'Safety-by-Design' (SbD) has become a private-law duty for AI developers, particularly regarding the protection of young people. It explores how algorithms focused on engagement, generative personas, and unchecked feedback loops can exploit adolescents' cognitive and neurological vulnerabilities. The analysis shows that these are deliberate engineering choices that fall under existing liability laws. By comparing civil and common law systems in places such as France, Germany, China, Iraq, the Kurdistan Region, the EU, the UK, and the US, this research examines how statutory protections and court decisions are converging. The findings show that digital companies can no longer shift the risks of algorithmic optimization onto vulnerable youth while avoiding civil liability under current private law.